![]() The amygdala is responsible for fear responses and learning out of fearful situations. Through its influence on the endocrine system, it can regulate sleep-wake cycles, respiration, and other autonomic responses.Īmygdala: The amygdala is the center of emotion and motivations. The hypothalamus regulates the autonomic nervous system by producing and releasing hormones. Hypothalamus: Similar to the thalamus, the hypothalamus is made up of multiple nuclei with many different functions. Loss of function to the hippocampus results in the inability to form new memories. Hippocampus: The hippocampus is vital for long-term memory formation, particularly declarative memories, or memories that can be purposely recalled like facts and events. The brain structures that make up the limbic system are somewhat controversial however, the general consensus of the limbic system contains these three main structures: the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. The Limbic System is a group of brain structures that regulate basic emotions such as fear and rage and drives such as hunger and sex. The thalamus also regulates consciousness, sleep and wakefulness, feeding and satisfaction and alertness. The thalamus then relays these signals to various areas of the cerebral cortex. It is made up of nuclei that receive different sensory and motor inputs. The thalamus is located between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. The hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus make up what we call the Limbic System of your brain. The forebrain consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus. ![]() Image Source: Wikimedia Commons The Forebrain The brain is divided into three main parts: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. ![]() In this AP® Psychology crash course review, we will provide a summary of the anatomy and function of the major areas of the brain. Luckily, you stumbled across this ultimate guide to the brain for AP® Psychology that we have prepared for you. Unfortunately for anyone who is taking AP® Psychology, it’s also something that you’re expected to understand for the AP® Psychology Exam. The brain is an immensely complicated and intricate organ, and by far the most complex organ to understand in the human body.
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